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Painted advisory cycle lanes increase risk of cyclist casualties, study finds

Research into London commutes also reveals stepped cycle tracks are more effective than kerb protected lanes in reducing injury odds

A study of cyclist casualties in London has found that painted advisory cycle lanes increase the risk of cyclist casualties, with the authors urging that highways authorities cease installing lanes of that type and convert existing ones into protected cycle lanes.

Published under the title Cycling Injury Risk in London: Impacts of Road Characteristics and Infrastructure, the study was led by Thomas Adams of Transport for London (TfL) and was based on collisions that happened between 2016 and 2018 and which were notified to police.

Because the STATS 19 road casualty report forms completed by the police only include home postcode data rather than the start point of the journey, researchers decided to focus on incidents that were likely to have happened on commutes.

Narrowing the data down to incidents that occurred between 7am-10am on a weekday and involved people aged over 16, left researchers with 2,876 injury points, of which 86.7 per cent were slight injuries, and 13.0 per cent were serious injuries.

There were also seven fatalities, reflecting 0.2 per cent of the total.

Using a variety of tools to predict routes and add control points between home and injury locations, models were created to control for road characteristics as well as road user flows, whether motor traffic, cyclists or pedestrians.

The study found that when compared to no infrastructure, kerb protected cycle lanes reduced the odds of injury by 40 per cent.

The reduction provided by stepped cycle tracks was even greater, at 65 per cent, although the authors cautioned that was based on low numbers.

In terms of painted lanes, mandatory ones – marked with a solid white line – were no different from having no infrastructure at all.

However, advisory cycle lanes – those marked with a broken white line, and which motorists are allowed to enter – caused the odds of injury to increase by 34 per cent.

Explanations of the various different types of cycle lanes are shown in the figure below, taken from TfL's London Cycling Design Standards.

Cycle lanes (TfL).PNG

Other findings included that junctions were associated with a threefold increase in injury odds, while bus lanes decreased them but not to the same extent as protected cycle lanes did.

The study also found evidence of a ‘safety in numbers’ effect, saying that injury odds decrease as cycle flow increases, and suggested that a doubling of the number of people commuting by bike in the morning leads to a 13 per cent reduction in odds of an injury.

Professor Rachel Aldred, co-author of the article and Director of Westminster University’s Active Travel Academy, said: “This research shows a clear difference in cycling safety between high-quality protected infrastructure and advisory lanes, with the former reducing injury risk and the latter raising it.

“Transport authorities that want to make cycling safer need to avoid putting in new paint-only infrastructure and start converting existing advisory lanes to safer protected tracks and lanes,” she added.

Simon joined road.cc as news editor in 2009 and is now the site’s community editor, acting as a link between the team producing the content and our readers. A law and languages graduate, published translator and former retail analyst, he has reported on issues as diverse as cycling-related court cases, anti-doping investigations, the latest developments in the bike industry and the sport’s biggest races. Now back in London full-time after 15 years living in Oxford and Cambridge, he loves cycling along the Thames but misses having his former riding buddy, Elodie the miniature schnauzer, in the basket in front of him.

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48 comments

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hawkinspeter replied to brooksby | 4 years ago
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I'm always bemused by the "CYCLISTS MUST DISMOUNT" sign (non-official, though the bridge is private property anyway). Does it refer to cyclists using the pavement (which makes sense as it's very narrow so you wouldn't really be able to overtake) or to cyclists looking to re-join the road? (For the record the only time I've dismounted was to take photos of Gromits).

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Hirsute replied to hawkinspeter | 4 years ago
1 like

//www.awn.com/sites/default/files/styles/inline_wide/public/image/featured/41675-oscars-park-talks-wallace-gromit.jpg?itok=k79uZnXf)

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hawkinspeter replied to Hirsute | 4 years ago
0 likes

Gert Lush

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brooksby replied to hawkinspeter | 4 years ago
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I assumed it means don't ride your bike along the footway over the bridge?

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Tom_77 replied to brooksby | 4 years ago
1 like

This one in Hampshire is very narrow and particularly dangerous as it encourages cyclists to use the edge of the roundabout, where drivers are less likely to see them.

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wtjs replied to brooksby | 4 years ago
2 likes

My record is the approach to the Clifton Suspension Bridge from Clifton

Yes, this is indeed much worse than nothing at all, and shows that the council officers haven't been on a bike for decades

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IanMK replied to Captain Badger | 4 years ago
4 likes

I think you'll like this one. Main carriage way too narrow for most cars or buses (yes it is a bus route) but bound by a double white line and a cycle lane.
https://maps.app.goo.gl/h1ek7jUdnf1Mq41U6
Tbf, Google have managed to capture a moment in time when the hedgerow is under control it's even worse when the brambles start encroaching as well.

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Captain Badger replied to IanMK | 4 years ago
1 like

IanMK wrote:

I think you'll like this one. Main carriage way too narrow for most cars or buses (yes it is a bus route) but bound by a double white line and a cycle lane. https://maps.app.goo.gl/h1ek7jUdnf1Mq41U6 Tbf, Google have managed to capture a moment in time when the hedgerow is under control it's even worse when the brambles start encroaching as well.

JHC.... They should just paint F-off great cycles filling each lane to point out the road is a cycle lane....

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wtjs replied to IanMK | 4 years ago
1 like

What this bit of road near Sherrington needs is a speed limit (that, admittedly, no-one will pay any attention to) rather than useless, worse-than-nothing cycle lanes which are doubtless completely ignored like the double unbroken white lines. I assume these lanes are the (wrong) response to a narrowing of the road? Other Google frames show an ordinary width 2 lane road on either side of this section?

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IanMK replied to wtjs | 4 years ago
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There's a shared path further up along the A509. I've always assumed the they put in this nonsense to dissuade cyclists from carrying on the A509. It's just a normal width road but made worse by the double white lines. A bit further back the cycle lanes abruptly end. There's no apparent reason / change in the road. I did contact the council about it but of course got no response.

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iandusud | 4 years ago
4 likes

Known as Murder Strips in Belgium.

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eburtthebike | 4 years ago
5 likes

I thought there had already been several studies which showed this effect?  Still, good to have it confirmed again.

As others have said, painted cycle lanes give a false sense of security, for both the cyclist and the driver, so it really shouldn't be surprising that they are more dangerous.  I'm sure Kensington & Chelsea council will be wasting no time in installing one on Kensington High Street.

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MTB Refugee | 4 years ago
15 likes

I've been saying this for years and I suspect that most regular cyclists would probably agree. When they aren't covered in broken glass, sticks and other road detritus, they give the other road users a false sense of "separation". I get more close passes when in painted cycle lanes (both broken and solid white line) than on the open road by a huge margin. I really wish they would just delete them all.

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ChasP replied to MTB Refugee | 4 years ago
2 likes

Completely agree

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nikkispoke replied to MTB Refugee | 4 years ago
3 likes

It is good to see a proper researched study into the subject with an objective analyse (though with low study numbers which may project a understandable margin of error) it does though reinforce other studies carried out in the past that showed motor vehicle drivers will pass a cyclist closer than if no line was present. I find that advisory cycle lanes (broken white lines) tended to be applied with much less care in following supposedly required standards. Particularly in terms of width and consistency than the mandatory cycle lanes (solid lines) which may also help explain the differences in casualities.  Advisory lines tend to be more variable in width, changing along a road length and were placed down as a cheap solution and allowed a local council to tick a box to show they fulfilled a requirement to make some provision for cycling ? Instead as shown by the study they actually increase the risk and actual harm to the user group they are suppose to help ? Instead we should be designing and implementing proper engineered solutions that are fit for purpose and meet the needs of the user group they are being designed for. As shown on numerous (if not every) occasion with a proper solution you will get a increase in people using that route to cycle and they will be made up of a more diverse population in age, gender and ethnic breakdown.

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P3t3 replied to nikkispoke | 4 years ago
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If I read the summary correctly it looks like the authors guessed at routes cyclists might have taken based on their home postcode and then used that to infer what sort of cycle infrastructure the rider was on when they had an accident. Didn't sound like a well researched study to me...? What am I missing?

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Jetmans Dad replied to MTB Refugee | 4 years ago
2 likes

Problem is drivers treat cyclists in a painted lane the same way they do a car in a painted lane ... no need to perform an overtaking manouevre because "they are in one lane, I am in another". 

Rule 163 goes out of the window, because they are not "overtaking" you, they are simply moving faster in their lane than you are in yours. 

That's why I tend not to use them. 

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wtjs replied to MTB Refugee | 4 years ago
1 like

 I really wish they would just delete them all.

Agreed

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