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Study: Men safer in the saddle than women when extremely drunk

Researchers find some men - but no women - can ride competently despite very high blood alcohol content

Extremely drunk men may still be able to ride a bike in relative safety, while women cannot, according to a study into the effects of alcohol on cycling conducted in Germany.

Published in the International Journal of Legal Medicine, the study, which was funded by the German Insurance Association and German Insurers Accident Research, was led by Dr Bruno Hartung of the University Clinic in Dusseldorf.

It found that while some men could still ride competently despite a high blood alcohol content, no woman was able to do so.

Among the reasons put forward as potential explanations are that men have less body fat than women, so females are more susceptible to the effects of alcohol, that men in general ride faster meaning their momentum helping them avoid obstacles more easily, and that irrespective of the influence of alcohol, women tend to be more respectful of other road users.

The study assessed 41 men and 37 women for their ability to ride a bike safely with various levels of alcohol in their bloodstream.

Subjects, aged between 18 and 53 in the case of the men and 18-43 for the women, were required to undertake a series of tests assessing their riding while sober, and then at various levels of blood alcohol content.

Those included riding straight ahead on a narrow, 45 metre track, riding while slaloming between poles placed 1.8 metres apart, riding clockwise around caps that decreased in space between them from 4 metres to 1.5 metres, and riding between movable plastic barrels spaced 1.2 metres apart.

Cognitive reaction was tested on their reaction to a manually adjustable traffic light and stop lines, or being presented with a memory test of a random word flashed on an LED display while cycling.

Special safety bicycles were used in the trials, which took place away from public roads, and participants wore motorcycle suits with additional elbow, knee and spine protectors, as well as a cycle helmet.

After getting used to the course by riding it sober, they then undertook it with various levels of alcohol in 0.3g/kg steps, with drinks available including beer, schnapps, red and white wine, vodka and rum.

Immediately before each round, they were subject to a medical examination including being breathalysed, and an ophthalmological test was administered afterwards. They were then given more to drink before moving onto the next step.

Demerit points were deducted from each infraction they made while riding, based on a scale that weighed the perceived severity of each mistake, split between “coordinative faults” and “cognitive faults.”

The former included leaving the track with both wheels or knocking over a barrel (3 points), difficulties starting riding or skipping an obstacle (2 points), or putting one or both feet on the ground for no reason (1 point).

In the latter group were faults such as riding through a red light (3 points) or a stop line (2 points) or being oblivious to the word shown on the LED display (1 point).

They were also tested on their ability to deal with a complex situation such as a ball rolling in front of them, a blocked path, the glare from a torch, and being subject to verbal disturbances.

For those, they were assessed on whether they had given an adequate or inadequate response, with 3 demerit points imposed for the latter.

The number of demerits committed in each individual’s ride when sober served as a benchmark for assessment of their subsequent rides.

Each of the women tested committed at least one severe fault once their blood alcohol levels were above 1.43g/kg, but beyond that threshold, six of the male subjects committed no severe fault at all.

Dr Hartung, who kindly supplied road.cc with a copy of the study, points out that a drunk cyclist is less of a danger to others than a drink driver.

Quoted on the Dutch website Vogelvrijefietser.nl he said: “I noticed during the study that only extreme drunkenness is very dangerous. Moreover, it’s always better to leave the car at home and take the bike instead, since it can cause less harm.

“In Germany there is a lot of debate about using alcohol and cycling. Many people think it shouldn’t be seen as a crime, and that you should get on a bike rather than in a car, but others believe drinking while cycling should be more strictly monitored.”

A further study led by Dr Hartung on cycling while hungover has just been published, so look out for a report on that here on road.cc soon.

In the UK, cycling while under the influence of drink or drugs is covered by section 30 (1) of the Road Traffic Act 1988, which says:

A person who, when riding a cycle on a road or other public place, is unfit to ride through drink or drugs (that is to say, is under the influence of drink or a drug to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the cycle) is guilty of an offence.

Unlike driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, however, there is no set threshold beyond which an offence is committed.

There’s a comprehensive analysis of the legal situation in the UK in this factsheet prepared by national cyclists’ charity, CTC.

Simon joined road.cc as news editor in 2009 and is now the site’s community editor, acting as a link between the team producing the content and our readers. A law and languages graduate, published translator and former retail analyst, he has reported on issues as diverse as cycling-related court cases, anti-doping investigations, the latest developments in the bike industry and the sport’s biggest races. Now back in London full-time after 15 years living in Oxford and Cambridge, he loves cycling along the Thames but misses having his former riding buddy, Elodie the miniature schnauzer, in the basket in front of him.

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28 comments

Avatar
bobisallright | 9 years ago
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You go faster with a few drinks in you.

Not according to "measurements" or "science" or "facts", admittedly… but it feels faster.

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BertYardbrush | 9 years ago
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I have a hazy memory of cycling through Manchester after a night out. Nearly got flattened by a bus. On another night, I left my cycle and walked home, saying goodbye to my bicycle as I set off - needless to say, it was the last time I saw it.
I remember doing a ride and we stopped for a couple of beers. Never have I felt more dreadful than on the hilly ride home across the hills around Hebden Bridge. All this early to mid '70's.

Never mixed the two activities since.

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nortonpdj | 9 years ago
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Drunk? Me?  36  24
Have another.
I feel a bit sick  31
Ooops, fell off  20

What a load of tosh.

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Olionabike | 9 years ago
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Your headline claims no women can cycle when extremely drunk - the study finds 37 women unable to ride when blotto.

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andyp | 9 years ago
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'Having a few beers and riding home from the pub is one of life's greatest pleasures,'

indeed. Although I do recommend bike jousting the night before national championships, after an Absinthe bender. I have felt better during a race, granted.

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farrell replied to andyp | 9 years ago
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andyp wrote:

'Having a few beers and riding home from the pub is one of life's greatest pleasures,'

indeed. Although I do recommend bike jousting the night before national championships, after an Absinthe bender. I have felt better during a race, granted.

BMX?

I saw a couple of the American lads in a pub smashing a load of pints in the Friday before the recent SuperCross championships in Manchester.

I was tickled at watching them setting off on their bikes with race plates for the upcoming weekend on them.

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OldRidgeback replied to farrell | 9 years ago
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farrell wrote:
andyp wrote:

'Having a few beers and riding home from the pub is one of life's greatest pleasures,'

indeed. Although I do recommend bike jousting the night before national championships, after an Absinthe bender. I have felt better during a race, granted.

BMX?

I saw a couple of the American lads in a pub smashing a load of pints in the Friday before the recent SuperCross championships in Manchester.

I was tickled at watching them setting off on their bikes with race plates for the upcoming weekend on them.

Good to know it was the Americans hitting the beers - I know for a fact Tre White wouldn't do that and nor would Liam Phillips or Quillan Isidore

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andyp | 9 years ago
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'Also 41 men and 37 women is not a big enough sample size to be statistically relevant. '

Without seeing the power calculation it's hard to say, but that's a decent sized sample. n=20 would probably be small, but n=78 sounds fine for most stuff.

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yiipeeia | 9 years ago
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I belong to a cycle club with a drink problem.
Every Thursday we cycle out across the Fens near Ely.
Last night we did 38 miles 6 pints and a bowl of chips.
We had 1 puncture as well.
We have been doing this in the Summer months for over 13 years.
We have 3 rules, now I understand why no ladies...
No Lycra
No ladies
No lager
This is a fine combination.

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hawkinspeter | 9 years ago
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I'd have loved to have taken part in that. I don't usually cycle when drunk, but I'm quite happy to do it on occasion. It's usually a case of consciously going slower and more carefully than usual. Also avoiding busy junctions is advised.

I'm surprised that there's such a difference between men and women as my wife has done the odd drunken cycle with no incidents. Maybe it's due to the particular participants they selected.

I'm not advocating cycling whilst intoxicated, but I'd love it to be an Olympic sport.

P.S. The only incident I've had cycling whilst intoxicated was trying to unicycle home after a pub crawl -
I managed to scrape my hand against a wall at one point.

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time for an upgrade | 9 years ago
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its all about the dedication and practice us men put in.

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antonio | 9 years ago
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I conduct this experiment every Christmas on our club festive event!

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Tripod16 | 9 years ago
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Dare I say multi-tasking!  24

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OldRidgeback | 9 years ago
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There's a sportive in California that winds its way through wine country. Stops are held at a series of vineyards along the route with riders then having tasting sessions. A friend of mine does it most years. He says it can be quite amusing towards the end.

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Pippo | 9 years ago
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From my understanding men cope better with alcohol because men have more of the enzyme gastric alcohol dehydrogenase in their stomachs - women drinking the same quantity as men absorb about 30% more alcohol into their bloodstreams.

Also 41 men and 37 women is not a big enough sample size to be statistically relevant. Some men are safer than some women, would be more accurate.

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bikebot | 9 years ago
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I'm just going to leave this here...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LcP3TTSWnTE

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CanAmSteve | 9 years ago
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Interesting study. I wonder if it showed (as several others testing driving skills when drinking have) that riding skills actually improved after the first drink?

I would never advocate riding in an impaired condition - be that alcohol, drugs (legal or not) or even overly tired. But the facts are that everything we do after we get out of bed carries some risk, which we have to accept, or -as most people do - ignore. You could argue that a road bike is potentially less safe than a hybrid, for example (riding position affects visibility, narrower tyres, higher speeds, etc.)

Surely drunk cycling is preferable to drunk driving. Speeds will be lower and therefore the risk to other vulnerable road users (i.e pedestrians) is much less. In the country (where this is more likely to happen, given the lack of public transport and longer distances to services) there are probably very few pedestrians to begin with.

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BigglesMeister replied to CanAmSteve | 9 years ago
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CanAmSteve wrote:

Interesting study. I wonder if it showed (as several others testing driving skills when drinking have) that riding skills actually improved after the first drink?

I would never advocate riding in an impaired condition - be that alcohol, drugs (legal or not) or even overly tired. But the facts are that everything we do after we get out of bed carries some risk, which we have to accept, or -as most people do - ignore. You could argue that a road bike is potentially less safe than a hybrid, for example (riding position affects visibility, narrower tyres, higher speeds, etc.)

Surely drunk cycling is preferable to drunk driving. Speeds will be lower and therefore the risk to other vulnerable road users (i.e pedestrians) is much less. In the country (where this is more likely to happen, given the lack of public transport and longer distances to services) there are probably very few pedestrians to begin with.

Totally correct, no pedestrians in the countryside but armies of drunk drivers. I've been a rural drink cyclist for years and proud of it. As much off road as possible (got a couple of Strava KOMs) but in a country lane at night even when blotto to the point of double vision I'm still aware enough to realise that nearly every motor vehicle is being piloted by someone equally as whammed as me at pub closing o clock.

PS I would take a cab but there aren't any as the dippy twats don't know how to operate sat navs and charge for the outleg too from the nearest large conurbation even when they are based in the locality you are calling from.

Roll on google cars!!!!

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farrell | 9 years ago
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Riding when you're pissed is pretty easy.

Until you start to slow down or have to stop, then it all goes seriously, seriously rogue.

Having a few beers and riding home from the pub is one of life's greatest pleasures, though I wouldn't advocate getting wrecked up and taking on the rush hour.

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jacknorell replied to farrell | 9 years ago
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farrell wrote:

Riding when you're pissed is pretty easy.

Until you start to slow down or have to stop, then it all goes seriously, seriously rogue.

Having a few beers and riding home from the pub is one of life's greatest pleasures, though I wouldn't advocate getting wrecked up and taking on the rush hour.

Well said, buy that man a beer!

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vonhelmet | 9 years ago
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I've very occasionally ridden home after a beer or two at a friend's house. It feels weird. I'm not keen.

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DeCockburn | 9 years ago
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Haha, brilliant.

I've been testing this theory for several years. I am a man. And I have found that on the whole it is better not to be completely slaughtered before piloting a bicycle around busy roads with fast moving traffic.

I now know that I am wrong. Bottoms up, bikes out.

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RobD | 9 years ago
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Why didn't Road.cc have the registration for volunteers? This sounds like something I'd be happy to assist with.
I think the biggest reason I wouldn't ride a bike after more than 1-2 pints is how frequently I've needed to be able to react quickly to other people on the road.
Maybe a belgian race with beer stops for the riders (like some cyclocross type events have) would make very entertaining viewing, especially with the very low BMI that a lot of riders have, it wouldn't take much alcohol to see lots of chaos...

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dafyddp | 9 years ago
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The Angel says: The limit for cycling should be exactly the same as for driving - zero. If a drunk driver and a drunk cyclist collide, you can hardly blame one more than the other, both lives (or worse) are potentially ruined.

The Devil says: Nothing beats stopping off at a country pub on a long, leisurely summer ride for a bite to eat and a really nice ale.

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Threeh | 9 years ago
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You'd never guess Road.cc is run by men.

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flathunt | 9 years ago
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Would love to see some of the footage. Presumably, for all the same reasons, we should be much better at drink-driving too. And drunken-surgery.

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sergius | 9 years ago
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That study sounded like a fun way to spend a day  1

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andym999 | 9 years ago
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Where do we start? Irresponsible headline, daft study... Are you guys really this desperate for news?

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