Non-foldable e-bikes are set to be banned across most of London’s transport networks operated by Transport for London (TfL) services from 31 March to “ensure the safety of customers and staff”, the city’s local government body has announced today.
The ban is set to be enforced with the help of TfL’s 450 uniformed officers deployed across the capital’s public transport network. Cyclists who do not comply can be refused entry, asked to leave, or slapped with a fine of up to £1,000.
The news comes after an e-bike exploded and caught fire at Rayners Lane station platform last month, and another burst into flames on a platform at Sutton railway station last March.
Following last month’s incident, Aslef, the train drivers’ union, had threatened strike action unless TfL banned e-bikes from the London Underground, with the RMT and the TSSA also calling for similar bans.
TfL said that it has “worked closely with the London Fire Brigade and other partners to carry out a comprehensive review of the safety of e-bikes and their suitability for carriage on the TfL transport network”.
“While the majority of e-bikes are safe, there have been a small number of incidents where non-foldable e-bikes have caught fire on the transport system in London,” TfL said. “To ensure the safety of the network for customers and staff, customers in possession of non-foldable e-bikes will not be permitted to travel on most TfL services, including on the Tube, Overground, Elizabeth line and DLR.
“The ban includes all non-folding e-bikes, including standard cycles that have been converted to e-bikes using conversion kits.”
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Rayners Lane e-bike fire (credit: Twitter video (Andy Calvert))
According to TfL’s analysis, adapted bikes using electronic conversion kits posed a greater fire risk than purpose-built e-bikes, although it pointed it could be hard to differentiate between modified and unmodified e-bikes.
It said it was instigating the ban “until improved product safety measures are in place for converted cycles, batteries and chargers”.
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The operator, which becomes the first in the UK to impose such a ban, added it recognises the “important role of e-bikes” for Londoners and “will keep these changes under review, pending any future measures to improve product safety by the Government regarding e-bike safety standards”.
Important update on e-bikes on TFL services: The safety of Londoners is my top priority, and while most e-bikes are safe, there have been a small number of incidents where non-foldable e-bikes have caught fire on the transport system, which has caused me great concern. (1/3)
— Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan (@london.gov.uk) 26 March 2025 at 15:30
Sadiq Khan, Mayor of London, said: “The safety of Londoners is my top priority and, while most e-bikes are safe, there have been a small number of incidents where non-foldable e-bikes have caught fire on the transport system, which have caused me great concern.
“This is why, following a comprehensive review of the safety of e-bikes, TfL is banning all non-folding e-bikes on tube and rail services. I have asked TfL to continue to work with Government and partners to improve e-bike safety as we build a safer London for everyone.”
BBC e-bike Panorama - wheelie (credit: road.cc)
> “E-bikes are not illegal”: BBC hit with more complaints about “misleading and damaging” Panorama e-bike episode
Commenting on the news, James Metcalfe, co-founder of Volt Bikes said: “While we’re pleased this isn’t an outright ban of all e-bikes, the blanket ban of all non-folded e-bikes in the TfL network is a huge setback for active and sustainable transport in London. Many ordinary commuters who cycle to and from their tube/train stations will now be unable to make their usual journeys. Instead of restricting access for most users who own safe, legal e-bikes, the emphasis should be placed on education and enforcement, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.
“The heart of the issue isn’t that folding e-bikes are safer, it’s that manufacturers, like us at Volt, uphold strict quality standards and only use cells from trusted brands like Panasonic, but the same can’t always be said for the e-bikes, batteries, and conversion kits being bought online.”
He added that Volt's folding e-bikes use the same batteries as its non-folding models, and there was a need to make the public more aware of the potential dangers associated with buying from non-reputable brands.
“If TfL and the government are serious about promoting sustainable transport, then we need policies that encourage cycling by connecting it with public transport, rather than deterring people from it,” he concluded.
MiRider 2021 - folded (credit: Richard Peace)
Lilli Matson, TfL’s Chief Safety, Health and Environment Officer, said: "Our priority is always the safety of our customers and colleagues. We have been working closely with the London Fire Brigade on a review of the safety risks associated with e-bikes on our network and following this review, we will be putting this safety ban in place from 31 March 2025.
“Customers with non-foldable e-bikes will not be permitted to use our tube and rail services. This safety ban will play a vital role in keeping our transport system safe for everyone, and we continue to work with partners in government and beyond to improve e-bike safety.”
> Bicycle Association formally complains to BBC over Adrian Chiles’ e-bike Panorama “misrepresentation”
Charlie Pugsley, London Fire Brigade Deputy Commissioner for Prevention, Protection & Policy, said: “We welcome this move by Transport for London following their detailed safety review, as it acknowledges the risks that we know e-bike batteries can pose.
“While we recognise the sustainable benefits e-bikes, and micromobility generally, bring to our city, the reality is that across London we have been seeing an e-bike or e-scooter fire every other day, on average, and we have particular concern about the risk posed by conversion kits or modified e-bikes. When these fires occur, they can be sudden, incredibly ferocious and produce smoke that is extremely toxic.”
Lesley Rudd, chief executive of Electrical Safety First, also responded to the news, saying that the e-bike industry could be set for future blanket restrictions if “substandard versions of e-bikes, their batteries, chargers and conversion kits coming onto the market” are not regulated.
She said: “Whilst reputable manufacturers produce high quality products that meet safety standards, more needs to be done to address the risk posed by substandard versions of these devices that are often linked to serious incidents.
“It’s vital the Product Regulation and Metrology Bill tackles this issue head on and mandates third-party certification for these products, to ensure only safe batteries and e-bikes can be sold on the UK market. Converted e-bikes can also pose a risk if they are made up of substandard or incompatible components, and converted incorrectly, which is why we are also calling for new safety standards to be introduced for these kits, to better tackle the issue.
“Our proposals will better protect consumers, protect the reputable sector who already make safe devices, and help to weed out bad operators producing and selling dangerous substandard batteries.”
road.cc has asked TfL to comment on the finer points of why it deems folding e-bikes safer than non-folding bikes, and how enforcement officers will be trained to differentiate between more discreet models of electric bike and regular pedal assist bikes.
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34 comments
All ebikes are equal... But folding ebikes are more equal than others?
Surely, anyone with a brain slightly larger than a peanut can see the "idiocracy" of such a rule???
Erm, excuse me Mr Not Sure Sir, erm, you is in position [sic] of an err-erm non-folding ebike etcetera....
ITS THE BATTERY THAT'S THE PROBLEM - FFS!!!
Cheap dodgy imported ebikes come in "foldable" frames as well btw... 🤔
What next, are they going to ban non-folding electric cars from using the Dartford Tunnel or logically any tunnel?
I assume you can carry an e-bike battery on the tube if you leave the bike at home.
"Excuse me sir, does that come from a folding bike?"
Who voted for these idiots? Oh, right.
Non folding bikes are already banned from the tube network. On the overground they are only permitted at certain times. So is this really 'a huge set back for active travel?'
who would lug an e-bike onto an urban train network anyway - unless they were travelling hundreds of miles?
who would lug an e-bike onto an urban train network anyway - unless they were travelling hundreds of miles?
I lug something heavier (a proper bike and Bob camping trailer) onto the excellent Merseyrail, which is definitely urban and only runs from Southport to Chester. That avoids a lot of miles on death-roads.
Someone who lives in London and wants to get out to the countryside without riding for 45 minutes each way through urban/suburban streets? Someone cycling one way and getting the train back the other? Someone who has had a mechanical they can't fix? Someone whose battery is flat and they're not able to cycle home unassisted? Your lack of imagination doesn't mean that this won't limit active travel for many.
Non folding bikes are only banned from deep tunnel sections of the tube network with surface sections only having restrictions at peak times.
You can take a non-folding cycle outside peak times (7.30-9.30, 16.00-19.00) on lots of underground services, in fact the majority outside the very centre of town (map here). I can well imagine someone who lives, say, 10 miles from Watford Junction and who has business at Canary Wharf wanting to use an ebike from Watford Junction to Euston and then ride the 6 miles to Canary Wharf from there. For a lot of people 32 miles in total commuting in a day is too much unassisted but doable with an ebike.
Are the outer reaches of the Elizabeth line also part of the ban, I'm thinking the Reading to Paddington stretch?
I'm afraid so, anything operated by TfL apart from the Woolwich ferry and the Silvertown Tunnel bike bus when it opens next month.
To follow on from another article where a rider of an illegal e-moped had a flat battery and the question was posed if it was still an e-moped ...
If I remove my battery and put it in my backpack or pannier... can I still take the bike on TFL services?
It has a USB socket and can be used a powerbank.
Ahh, ebikes… isn't it just swell, how they are enabling people?
How the make cycling more accesable?
Cycling brands convincing people they need e-assist, playing into human's subconsious, primal 'less energy spent means more chance of survival' reasoning (read: lazyness). Consumers believing the hype, aaaand there come the products catering to them.
Funny thing is that those cycling brands made everything so expensive that many people opt for cheap conversion kits and Chinese bikes from questionable quality instead.
And here we are, with throttle bikes and meddled with bikes that go stupidly fast, have crappy brakes, and people riding them recklessly, and bikes with cheap, dangerous batteries that catch fire being banned by landlords and transport organisations, but bike thieves who steal them en masse despite all that. Yay!
And all that for a little pedal assist… 🤷🏻♂️
Just wait 'till you hear about "cars" which have pedals you only have to push once for a little pedal assist *!
* Let the pedantry commence.
Except I wasn't compairing ebikes to cars like you do here, I was comparing ebikes with regular bikes, and pointing out that in the name of pedal assist, lots of things changed for the worse.
Correct - except in the UK people aren't normally choosing between a bike and an ebike*. It's between a few of their car trips and trying an ebike for them.
Are you writing from the perspective of e.g. NL where the share of non-powered bikes is going down? I understand that (it's definitely a case of "OK, we'll sell a mini motorbike instead of a car" or "we'll hugely upsell a bike (as ebike) instead of upselling a car (as SUV)"). But in the UK there is a specific difference in the situation **.
I am also am skeptical about e-everything - the environmental impact of all the batteries and extra materials, reduced possibility of "re-use" (e.g. as discussed urther down this article), the "gateway" effect allowing companies to try to grab the small amounts of motor-vehicle-free space or make things less safe with "why not legalise a bit faster" / "but if we could take a tiny van on the cycle path..." and trying to sell ever more tech (anti-lock brakes becoming "required" soon, to cope with the increased power and weight?)
Plus the combination of in-practice-unregulated non-street-legal ebikes and the "offload the risk and standard employee management, costs and responsibility onto the public" food delivery business model is far less than welcome.
BUT - for worse - in the UK we don't have the luxury of the "bike vs. ebike" problem **. Because to a first approximation people in the UK do not cycle (outside of parks, MTB trails and velodromes - and even then it's a minor activity). For any possible further switch to active travel is shut off by the dominance of mass motoring.
* EAPC we might hope since they are legal to use like a bicycle. However quite a lot are of course getting non-category-approved electric motorbikes, not legal to use almost everywhere.
** We are not likely to have a "serious ebike problem" in the UK until we make space for cycling and make driving less easy - which appears to have got not much closer to UK reality since NL started transitioning away from mass motoring in the 1970s.
Although it's possible that it would be a bit harder to find a non-powered bike in a mainstream shop by the time we make a change? And we may have the "emotorbike / escooter on the footway" issue prompting more calls to ban cycling.
That little pedal assist that allows people with disabilities and debilitating illnesses to use bikes instead of cars, that allows people who have become too elderly to cycle meaningful distances to use bikes instead of cars, that allows people whose commute is too long to use an unassisted bike to use bikes instead of cars. I certainly don't wish upon you that you will ever reach a stage where you would have to choose between using an e-assist bicycle or giving up cycling, but if it does ever come to you, as sadly it will come to most who live long enough, perhaps you'll gain a little more empathy and understanding instead of constantly and tediously ranting against them. And I hope that nobody, seeing you use a "little pedal assist" that you need to help you use a bike instead of using a car, is such a dick as to accuse you of laziness for doing so.
I'd say my 'constantly and tediously ranting against them' is a very tiny drop in an ocean of people, brands, marketeers, cycling media etc. praising them, don't you think?
Surely you can handle someone pointing out some less than ideal side effects?
I fully support people with disabilities, illnesses and the elderly to make use of pedal assist. That's great. And if it helps people leave the car at home more often, that's cool too.
But that doesn't mean that we should ignore the reality that
A: the vast mojority of ebike users don't fall in any of those categories. Most are just regular people, of all ages. Young kids, zooming around without even pedalling. People riding short distances. 20 year olds doing runs on eMTBs. Rides that were previously done on normal bikes.
B: the way bikes have transformed soley for some pedal assist is completely over the top. A bike shouldn't have to be double the weight, triple the price, and a quarter the durbility just to have that assist.
I realise that many things I mention are less prominent in countries where cycling is less common, but believe me that in a cycling country like The Netherlands, ebikes as they are now come with many, big downsides.
People hardly drive any less, they just now ride assisted.
How many of those rides were previously done on normal bikes?
Being pedantic - how far do you want to go back? Far enough and the answer was "all of them, and all the ones done in cars as well ... only people's transport patterns were different (as was the built environment) so not sure how fair the comparison is".
The same applied in the UK (and obviously further back still and the bike was a horse!)
Given how hard it was possible to sell us on cars (despite cost and all the drawbacks), I do think they have slightly more than half a point.
If the same level of brilliant influencers, marketeers and lobbyists who invented "jaywalking" and brought in mass motoring can still be found AND the motor industry here foresaw cars losing their dominance in a short enough time... I'm sure it could be fixed such that within a generation or two most people would be riding ebikes. And unpowered bikes would be not necessarily illegal but certainly just as niche as they are now. (I don't actually believe this as it stands since I think there's a strong "path dependence" e.g. the history is important).
I had a job yesterday on the other side of London to where I live. I went on an e - cargo bike. I took a work stand, tool kit, parts, change of shoes, spare jacket, a flask of tea and other bits for the job. It took me 60 minutes to cycle there and 60 minutes back. It was sunny and I even stopped for a while in Hampstead to admire the view. If I had gone by van, it would have taken me at least 2 hours each way. I would have had to pay the congestion charge and parking (if I found any) of around £1 per 15 minutes. And I would not have been able to stop and admire the views in Hampstead Heath. So, yes, e-bikes are quite useful and make the city more accessible.
Wait till you get old and your knee is buggered. Then you will be grateful for an epac.
This is bureaucracy gone mad. You can almost visualise how the meeting went.
TFL:"We should ban home-brew ebikes"
Unions:"Our members shouldnt be held liable if they mis-identify an ebike"
SOME BRIGHT SPARK:"If they are folded its obvious"
EVERYONE:"Lets do that then"
A FOI request on the report would make for enlightening reading. I'll bet it either recommended banning homebrews, or it leaps to all non-folders with zero evidence.
The Bicycle Association should crowd fund a challenge. I'd pay.
It would be interesting to see what happened if a disabled person who uses an ebike as a mobility aid took legal action against TfL on the grounds of discrimination. There have been a number of incidents in recent times of the li-ion batteries on mobility scooters and electric wheelchairs catching fire, would TfL be considering banning them as well?
Non-folding bikes are already banned on certain parts of the TfL network & times of the day/week. Maybe that's set the precident?
Also, a folded bike is much easier to put in a bag & travel incognito. Good luck expecting TfL gate staff to check for smuggled bikes in bags!
Is it "theoretically foldable" or do you have to prove it?
Not that I have any kind of e-bike OR am likely to take one to London - but I'm wondering about getting some fake hinges?
(Perhaps like in that movie, where they had a tiny fake Stonehinge?)
I wish some people would be forced to prove it, a pet hate is Brompton riders who force their way onto tube/overground services without folding their bikes; I've actually seen one or two being stopped at the ticket gates and assuring the operatives there that they are just pushing it to the platform and will then fold it up, they get there and don't! Absolutely no idea why you would do this but it happens.
Just make sure you get the units right when ordering.
I'm seriously wondering if this is due to some behind-the-scenes lobbying by Brompton.
Well it's always easy to fit them into the frame ...
I see: if my ebike has a hinge then it can't explode.
This is a giant PITA as it means that if I have a mechanical that I can't fix, I can no longer jump on a train home with my bike.
Surely it would make more sense to ban homebrew bikes, with TfL staff having discretion over what is allowable. Let's face it, it's pretty obvious which ebikes are dangerous.
Every bike is foldable once.
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