How safe is this helmet? That’s probably the question most of you ask when buying a new helmet, beyond such factors as weight, ventilation, fit adjustment and style.
Now new research by Virginia Tech in the US sheds some interesting light on how helmets perform in a crash test.
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It tested 30 adult sized helmets using an impact simulator designed to recreate the most common head-impact scenarios on the road, dropping helmets onto an angled anvil in six different locations and at two impact speeds. Sensors measured the acceleration and rotational velocity so it was able to predict the head injury risk.
The helmets were then ranked, from five stars for the best ability to reduced head and neck injury, down to two stars, the lowest ranking in this test.
And the results of the test show the Bontrager Ballista MIPs tops the list with five stars, followed by the Louis Garneau Raid MIPS, Bell Stratus MIPS and Specialized Chamonix MIPS also on five stars.
All scoring four stars were the Specialized Prevail II, Smith Optics Overtake, POC Octal, Giro Synthe and Scott Arx Plus MIPS.
Lower down the list there’s a cluster of urban helmets such as the Giro Sutton MIPS, Bern Brentwood, Kali City, Bontrager Electra and Nutcase Street.
Not fairing so well is the Bern Watts, bottom of the list with two stars. The Lazer Genesis doesn’t score much better.
You can view the full list here
via GIPHY
Are you surprised by the results? An expensive helmet topping the list might be expected, but the much cheaper Specialized Chamonix helmet performing nearly as well is very interesting and indicates that a higher price tag doesn’t always result in a safer helmet.
Through the testing of 30 helmets the Virginia Tech researchers noticed trends. It says that road-style helmets performance better than rounded urban helmets, which is why the likes of the Ballista is at the top and the Bern urban helmet is towards the bottom.
It also reckons MIPS improves helmet performance in these tests. MIPS stands for Multi-Directional Impact Protection System. A MIPS helmet is claimed to offer additional protection against rotational forces in a crash, by allowing two layers of the helmet to move independently. It's increasingly common in top-end helmets.
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The organisation has spent the last few years testing various sporting equipment for safety, from football to hockey helmets. For this cycle helmet test it was supported by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, who lent expertise in analysing common crashes, as well as providing financial support.
It’s the first such comparative test that we can recall seeing here at road.cc that attempts to rate helmets by the level of protection they offer. Helmets have to be tested before they go on sale, but's very much a pass or fail thing, there's no indication whether a £200 helmet is better in a crash than a £20 helmet, or how two £100 helmets compare to each other for example.
In the European Union, helmets must meet the EN 1078 standard, which calls for a deceleration of no more than 250g to be transmitted to the head in an impact at 5.42-5.52 m/s (a little over 12 mph). The standard involves impacts on a flat surface and a kerbstone.
In the US a Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) standard applies. The two are roughly equivalent in terms of impact absorption.
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“But which helmets are most effective? Until now, there hasn’t been a systematic way for consumers to know. Every bike helmet on the market is required to meet a standard related to the impact threshold for exceptionally severe head injuries, like skull fractures.
But that standard is pass-fail, and didn’t help cyclists discriminate between hundreds of passing helmets; it also didn’t assess helmet performance during less-severe impacts, which are far more common and can still result in concussions and other injuries,” explains Virginia Tech.
“In cycling, we saw an opportunity to reach a broad cross-section of the public and bring a new level of safety to an activity with a wide range of other benefits. We also hope manufacturers will use the information to make improvements,” said Steve Rowson, an associate professor of biomedical engineering and mechanics in the College of Engineering and the helmet lab’s director.
It’s interesting research and sheds clear light on how helmet tests are lacking. I'd like to see a Euro NCAP-style test for helmets with much more transparency about the results so the consumer can make a much more informed choice.
The research team says it’s planning to test more helmets so we'll keep an eye out for those results.
Will these findings influence your next helmet purchasing decision?
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93 comments
Have you heard the phrase 'dammed lies and statistics'?
Hitting your head on something hard fucking hurts so it doesn't make sense to argue against even the poorest helmet.
"but the death rate of cyclists does not fall as helmet wearing rates increase, so the tests must be irrelevant. "....
And there goes your logical fallacy. As you've stated multiple times, helmets are not designed, and are no use in really high impact (approaching fatal) collisions. Their value is in reducing concussion injury likelihood, and reducing minor injuries. No-one ever expected your helmet to protect you from the multiple injuries of being run into by a car at speed. However they can, and will, protect you from some of the head injuries possible when falling off your bike, or running into other objects, and that's what these tests show: That the helmets protect heads and brains from some of the effects of moderate impacts. There is little debate that this individual protection is gained at the expense of the health of the wider cycling community, and the wider general population when helmet wearing is heavily promoted or mandated. That doesn't mean that helmets offer no protection when used in the appropriate manner, nor does it mean that helmets are bad for cyclists. As seen across multiple platforms (including dietary advice of the 70's to 90's) poorly concieved legislation and guidelines can have massive population health costs when what is good for the individual is applied across whole populations. These are 2 very basic points that you have failed to be able to grasp and differentiate from your base argument.
I think this is a really key point, and, respectfully, I think you're wrong.
WE might expect this of a helmet. But WE are a fraction of a miserably low modal share.
Do a straw poll... Colleagues, rellies, friends, people in the pub/street. THEY think cycling is dangerous, THEY expect silver-bullet properties of a helmet, THEY are the ones we need to encourage cycling if it's to reach its potential, and THEY are legion. WE are few.
Which is exactly the reason I did my dissertation "Do cyclists have an exaggerated view of the risks of cycling and the efficacy of cycle helmets [and are those views related]? As you say, most people think cycling is extremely dangerous, but that a helmet will make them safe, neither of which is true, but an excellent demonstration of the effects of thirty years of helmet propaganda.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&...
So the outstanding thesis for me, is 'do non-cyclists have an exaggerated view of the risks of cycling, and how do we put the Daily Mail out of business?'
I agree with this. My wife (my personal equivalent to that fabled gent on the Clapham omnibus) is of the opinion that I'm mad to go out on the roads without a bike helmet. However, she said she's happy for me to pootle around the village or on shared-use infra without one. So, she thinks that when I'm cycling at low speeds or in scarse traffic, I don't need one, but in busy traffic-filled environments I should wear one. I've tried to explain that actually it should be the other way around: a bike helmet might protect me from low speed falling off whereas it will not protect me from a bus.
Mrs M is of the same opinion and I am beginning to suspect she has an ulterior motive in hiding it. Which again is odd, because whenever I suggest playing "hide the helmet" she has something else she'd rather be doing.
It's peak barbecue season... Try hide the sausage.
My only two genuine brushes with KSI (one only yesterday evening) have come while riding on a shared use pathway. In yesterday's case, a car pulled straight across the path in front of me and stopped, as the gate was closed, less than 10 feet ahead, leaving me to (a) run straight into the side of her car at whatever speed I could slow to from the 15 mph I was doing and risk going through the side window or (b) keep my speed and swerve behind her car, down the kerb into oncoming traffic going at 40mph.
I picked (b) and was glad that I haven't been kidding myself for the last seven years about how good my bike handling skills are.
If either scenario had resulted in a crash, I am not convinced my helmet would have helped very much.
And sorry if that is slightly off-topic. Just needed to get it off my chest ...
I agree with you 100% which is why I disagree with mandating helmet wearing. I would support the advertising for wearing of helmets if the advertisers could be relied upon to objectively market them........
Burt - quick question please. You mention this in the context of the helmet as PPE, do you have any non-demographically varying evidence that shows this ? e.g. hypothetically that increased rotational injuries out-weigh a reduction in concussive deceleration.
Quick answer; yes.
You do know that the H&S Executive have excluded cycle helmets from the designation PPE?
Umm.. any chance of a link or copy ? Cheers
Sorry, too hot, don't care enough, beer in the fridge with my name on it. Might get around to it tomorrow if I start caring enough. What exactly do you mean by "non-demographic"?
OK, I thought you might have something to hand from your thesis or other research - let us know if you have something, appreciate that. Sorry for confusion about "non-demographically varying" - not phrased well perhaps, maybe 'demographically invariant' or the same/equivalent societal study group, e.g. the Australian mandatory helmet legislation statistics told us a lot about how toxic it was for cycling in general but basically nothing about helmets as safety equipment. Any study with an equivalent, or comparable, demographic and varying (non-mandated) helmet wear might be a good start. Cheers, going to my fridge now.
Hey Burt - any luck on a link ? If not, would you have a photocopy or similar of your dissertation cititations and I can try and pick it out from there. Tah.
Burt, my apologies, I was initially mixing BTB up with BTBS, and you were doing so well until your last paragraph:
"I have said many times that helmets do offer some protection,"
"You imply that wearing a helmet is good for the individual, but there is no evidence that this is true,"
If a helmet prevents stitches, broken skulls, concussion, (which is surely the benefit you have many times suggested that helmets offer) then that is good for the individual. However, the epidemiological effects of insisting on it may provide no net advantage to the individual, and a massive net detriment to the population due to behaviour modification. Having read your dissertation, I'm sure that you can see this most obvious of truths.
For completeness:
The tests do not pretend to measure the prevention of cycist deaths, nor the efficacy of helmets in preventing that, therefore the logical fallacy is to compare the test outcomes to the death rate. There are no linking factors.
Can you show me any promotion from any responsible source that shows that death prevention is likely, or even the sole expectation from helmet protection as you assert?
You repeated my 2 points and then claimed you couldn't see them. I don't believe it's patronising in those circumstances to suggest that you refuse to acknowledge them.
Cyclists are individuals, Wearing a helmet confers some benefit (as you've stated multiple times) to a cyclist.
Helmet laws, and indeed the promotion of helmet wearing is bad for the cycling community, and the larger population, which we both agree on.
That's the 2 points, which you seem unable or unwilling to separate.
You drank the koolaid that some drunken scientist in Austrialia came up with so he could sell books to buy more booze with!
Instead of reading some drunken study why not go yourself down to any emergency room in your city and ask the emergency doctor on duty if helmets on cyclists help to save their lives and than I dare you speak negative about helmets effectiveness after that. But I can tell from your ignorance to know about such things you won't go and talk to EMT doctors, so maybe you might read the rest of this and the sites I gave, but I would be surprised if you actually did because most people want to bathe in their ignorance.
While you're visiting those EMT doctors read this: https://bicycleuniverse.info/stats-behind-bicycle-helmet/
Of course wearing a helmet won't guarantee that you'll live, nor does it equate to one willing to take more risks while riding; this isn't any different than wearing a seatbelt in a car loaded with airbags and crush zones, all the seatbelts and airbags along with crumple zones still doesn't guarantee that you'll survive a car crash, nor does it make everyone drive like they are on a NASCAR track. Helmets don't prevent crashes, but they offer a last line of defense when things go wrong, the same is true with wearing seatbelts and having airbags in your car. People who say such things are...well I'll skip saying what I'm thinking.
More reading: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-bicycles-helmets/helmets-preve...
Remember too is that bicycle helmet is made really too light in weight to be effective in a high speed crash with a car, we can't ride a bike while wearing a motorcycle helmet it would be far to hot and we wouldn't be able to hold our heads up for very long, so they are made very light and this limits their effectiveness, however wearing a helmet is better then having no protection whatsoever, and even wearing a motorcycle helmet won't guarantee you'll survive.
The reason that cyclists injuries have gone up over the years is two fold, one is that there are many more cyclists are on the road these days because the sport is becoming more popular, also more gray hair people are riding bikes, and older people don't fair as well in head accidents as younger people do, even what could be a minor laugh it off with a headache crash to a 20 something person could potentially kill a 70 something plus person; in fact it is the 60 to 79 year old population that is LEADING the cycling purchase boom! And it's those people, including myself, that have a hugely increased danger, or risk, from a head trauma should our heads impact something; and in addition to that, the older population does not have the balance they once had in their youth, nor the reaction time they once had in their youth so accidents have increased involving the older people, and along with those increase accidents has been increased injury and deaths. So statistics showing that injuries and deaths have increased with helmet use are not isolating the age of the riders, the increase is coming from the increased older population riding.
Here is more to read: https://bigthink.com/neurobonkers/the-bike-helmet-paradox
My MSc dissertation was on cycle helmets, and it listed, from memory, about a hundred references. I have a google alert for new material, and I've read everything publicly available about cycle helmets that I can find. Your definition of ignorance doesn't appear to be in any dictionary.
The fallacies in your post were too many to list, but all of it was questionable and it was the usual helmet zealot stuff of accusing anyone with a different view of being ignorant.
When you've spent thirty years studying cycle helmets, road safety and cyclists' safety, you can call someone else ignorant. Until then STFU.
Please post your MSc dissertation online so we can all read it.
He's posted a link to it in this thread.
You know, I'm starting to like the cut of your jib. I appreciate people who keep me on my toes, and in your case I can't quite tell if you're a troll cunt or just a thick cunt.
I'd missed it earlier too, here's the link posted
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&...
Edit : my mistake, that's a link to a brief of the dissertation - bottom of that has a link to an email address to contact to get a copy.
Froze. Unfortunately you don't seem to realise that the plural of anecdote is anecdata, not evidence.
The first paragraph of your bicycle universe link is fundamentally wrong, and then their statistics are analysed with the usual journalistic enthusiasm, and are fundamentally unsound.
Your second link is a journailst's article and doesn't state the study, so it is difficult to check her conclusions, though her quotes suggest that what she presents is not directly in line with the study
Simon Oxenham's article is simply an opinion piece and adds weight to the idea that helmets prevent direct injury, but concedes that mandating helmet wearing for cyclists may not be fair handed, or even good for the population.
I have spoken to ED doctors, in fact a few of them are my friends and we ride on the same team, in the same club, and in the same races. They universally agree that wearing helmets prevents some injuries, and on that basis they always wear one; and they are split in the same way as the general community on the effectiveness of helmet laws and the benefit to the commjnity. The cardiac surgeon believes that helmet laws are a really bad thing, especially for children; the neurosurgeon believes that helmet laws are a blunt instrument but better than not. These are real doctors, and their real opinions.
Good to know(ish), as I have the Ballista MIPS.
I still doubt the helmet is going to be of any use to me in the event I do crash at any significant speed
erm, that 'device' was pulling down on the helmet... not pushing down using the head at impact...
It is great to see this happening and I hope the industry funds more studies and learns from this. For nearly everyone buying a helmet, it is not about weight or aerodynamics, it is about when something happens, having the best available equipment to protect you. Also, if you can afford it, GET A HELMET WITH MIPS!!!
I am not sure about that. There are many factors I will consider on my next helmet purchase and safety/crash protection is just one of them.
Other factors include (not in any order):
If it scores the highest on safety but low on other key factors then I would not buy and chose something that balances out. It is different from person to person how much weighting they put on each factor, but if safety was the only consideration then wouldn't we see more full face helmets on road cyclists then any other types?
I really like the idea of this test and it
wouldwill definitely influence what helmetI'dI'll buy in the future. It seems like a very sensible protocol and the Virginia Tech have experience of testing helmets in other sports. Ideally, they'd start testing all the helmets on the market today, but obviously that would be prohibitively expensive.Pages